Understanding Down Syndrome And Other Disabilities

On July 24, 2006, my twin siblings, Audrey and Austin, were born. My parents sat my sister and I down and told us the babies were fine but Austin was going to be a little bit different. They said he has Down syndrome but we will love him just the same. It’s not going change the fact that he is our brother and a very important part of our family. I was so young at the time and the weight of this information hadn’t clicked yet, all that mattered was finally being able to hold my brother and sister after nine months of waiting. Over the last 10 years I have grown to understand Down syndrome and other disabilities in a different light, seeing how many people, despite their disability live productive and successful lives. I find so much†¦show more content†¦What I find most fascinating about occupational therapy is that therapists strive to improve the lives of individuals by working on activities and skills that will benefit the clients in their everyday lives. It is not simply the treatment of a specific injury or certain part of the body; it aims to help individuals live more independent and fulfilling lives. Throughout my time in college I have had the opportunity to participate in things that allowed me to use my passions while simultaneously growing me as a person. In 2015, I was selected by my peers to be the Vice President of Philanthropy of my sorority, Pi Beta Phi. During my time in office, I was able to grow in my leadership, communication and delegation skills through planning our annual 5K run benefitting children’s literacy. This event raised over $39,000 and the money came back to the Northwest Arkansas community to provide books and resources to help with literacy programs in local elementary schools. One in four children in America grow up to be illiterate and I am honored to be a part of an organization working to change that statistic by showing these kids the importance of literacy. I also had the chance to collaborate with The Miracle League of Northwest Arkansas to provide volunteer opportunities for the members of my sorority. Miracle league is a baseball league for kids with special needs in which volunteers are paired with a child and help them play baseball. The league gives themShow MoreRelatedChildren With Down Syndrome : A Developmental Disorder1615 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Down Syndrome is a developmental disorder caused by an error in the process of cell division. This disorder is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy)(Segal Pesco, 2015). It is the most common chromosomal disorder and affects 1 in 700 live births (Ramia, Musharrafieh, Khaddage, Sabri, 2014). According to Segal and Pesco (2015), Down Syndrome is characterised by physical features such as distinct facial characteristics, low muscle tone; conditions such as congenitalRead MoreReflection Paper On Down Syndrome1382 Words   |  6 Pagesthe history of disability while training me to look at the world through a different perspective. Most people are not born disabled in fact they become disabled sometime in their life. Both classes sparked an interest in me that made me want to do further research on disorders. One disorder that I have always wanted to know more about is Down syndrome. Another reason why I wanted to research this topic was because my friend recently ha d a baby and she was diagnosed with Down syndrome. I decided toRead MoreIntellectual Disabilities And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1493 Words   |  6 PagesGood evening Dr. Joseph and fellow colleagues, I am Samantha and this is Kezia and we will like to share with you for a few minutes our findings in relation to intellectual disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Our presentation this evening will be in the form of audio-visual. These topics are very broad topics, but due to limitations of time we would only be able to cover a few points in that space of time. We will try to make it as interesting and informative as possible, butRead More The Link Between Down Syndrome and Alzheimers Disease Essay example1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Link Between Down Syndrome and Alzheimers Disease The individuals with Disabilities Education Act states that all children with disabilities, including mental retardation, be educated to the maximum extent appropriate with students who are not disabled (2). In an ideal world, society would have no problem following this decree, but the world is less than perfect and, therefore, stigmas are unfortunately attached to those suffering from mental disabilities, especially the mentally retardedRead MoreSarah s Race, Class, Culture And Gender Made It Possible For Sarah1478 Words   |  6 PagesSarah’s disability impacted everyone in her family differently. Since the book is written by Paul Austin, Sarah’s father, we mostly hear from his perspective what it was like raising a daughter with Down syndrome. Paul Austin said, â€Å"She’s a good kid. But the Down syndrome has put some stress on the family.† For Paul, the early years were the hardest because when Sarah was born he was a third-year resident. Sally stay ed at home and took care of Sarah. For Sally, having a daughter with a disability wasRead MoreDown Syndrome : What Impact Does It Have On Children?1675 Words   |  7 PagesDown Syndrome: What Impact Does It Have on Children? Down syndrome â€Å"is one of the most common genetic conditions†, which is caused when there is a â€Å"sporadic mutation that results in an extra chromosome 21† (Hobson-Rohrer, Samson-Fang, 2013). Each person is born with 46 chromosomes, one set of 23 from each parent, but a person with down syndrome has a total of 47 chromosomes because they have an extra chromosome 21. â€Å"The extra chromosome disrupts the normal course of development and results inRead MoreFragile X Syndrome Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesretardation can be caused by a certain birth defect due to a traumatic event during the mother’s pregnancy, or mental retardation can also be inherited. The most common inherited form of mental retardation is Fragile X Syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome was identified in the year 1991. This disability affects more males than females. Approximately 1 in 4,000 males are affected, however only 1 in 8,000 females are affected (Lombroso, 2003). Fragile X generates in the FMR1 gene. Fragile X is caused by an excessivelyRead MoreDown Syndrome : A Genetic Condition1627 Words   |  7 PagesDown syndrome is named after Dr. J.L. Down, who first discovered and studied the condition. It is part of a large number of disabilities known as intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is present at birth and individuals are usually diagnosed during pregnancy or shortly after birth. There are three types of Down syndrome. The most common of these involves an extra number 21 chromosome, which gives the individual 47 instead of 46 total chromosomes. A chromosome breaking and then reattaching to anotherRead MoreI Am A For A Boy Diagnosed With Down Syndrome1167 Words   |  5 Pageson one aid for a boy diagnosed with Down Syndrome. His name is Justin and helping Justin is one of the main reasons I decided to major in social work. I have personally seen Justin blossom from being placed in an inclusive classroom. An inclusive classroom is when children with and without disabilities participate and learn together in the same classes. Research shows that when children with disabilities attend classes alongside peers who do not have disabilities, good things happen (Stout). When placedRead MoreThe Childhood Of The Middle Childhood988 Words   |  4 Pagesis for children to sit down still, listening when suppose to and mastering skills in school making them to abilities. But not all children are capable of doing all those things. For example, children both well developed and Down syndrome could have learning disabilities, speech disabilities, physical disabilities, and social and emotional disorders. One-disorder parents tend to think children have is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The National Down Syn drome Society stated that, â€Å"ADHD

Baroque Period through the Romantic Age Free Essays

Art not only serve as a tool for visual appreciation, but is oftentimes referred to as the mirror of the society. It’s because art effectively conveys or reflects what is happening in a certain society, at a certain period of time. With this, we see art not only as entertainment, but also as social critique. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque Period through the Romantic Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now In viewing art, we go deeper than the colors, lines, and shapes that we see. We read between the lines, and look at art in relation to the time and society it was conceived. By doing so, we are able to build a deeper understanding of how and why a specific artwork is created. Indeed, social, political, and economic conditions are able to shape and alter the nature of meaning of art. In order to further understand how art’s nature and meaning are altered by the abovementioned factors, we can specifically look at a certain era in art and scrutinize some of its details. First, we can consider the neoclassical era. Neoclassicism was prevalent during the 18th and 19th century. It was based on Ancient Greek or Roman classics, with high standards on the artwork’s subject, design, and a lot more. We can see that this is the time of abundance, wherein artists follow high standards clearly. Some of the works reflect a time of oppression, of the need to follow the rules and conventions not only in the art but also in the society. This is the time when there were ruling kings and other tyrants, who dictate everyone to conform to the standards and repercussions that he want. No one is above the ruling authority, so the society indeed has to follow. This is reflected in the works of art at this time, one good example is David’s Oath of the Horatii (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File:David-Oath_of_the_Horatii-1784. jpg). Instead of using bright, pastel colors, it uses sharp ones which exude sophistication and clarity in the works. The subject are well-made, life like figures of Roman soldiers and other men. Romanticism is another era in art that we could consider in order to see how it is affected by social, political, and economic factors. This began during the second half of the 18th century, wherein there is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement. It was also prevalent during the Industrial Revolution. Works of art at these times were considered to revolt against the social and political norms of the ruling aristocrats, as well as the rationalization of nature by science. The works of art in this era exudes strong emotions, giving the viewers a great aesthetic experience. It appeals on emotions like horror and awe, with the use of vibrant colors, unique themes, and creative styles. This era reflects a changing society, moving from the aristocratic rule towards freedom of expression. It does not conform to any rules of design; instead its strong appeal to the emotion is what sets it apart from other eras. A great example of this is Eugene Delacroix’ Liberty Leading the People which commemorate the toppling down of a prominent political figure during the French Revolution (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People). The liberation from the ruling aristocrat inspired the creation of this work, and it exudes great emotion in its subject, a half naked woman leading the people forward, walking past the bodies of the fallen during the war. Another example is Francisco Goya’s The Third of May 1808, wherein he depicts the oppression during the reign of Napoleon I, commemorating the Spanish resistance to the invading French ruler (http://eeweems. com/goya/3rd_of_may. html). How to cite Baroque Period through the Romantic Age, Papers

RALS Volunteer Management Software

Question: Discuss about theRALS Volunteer Management Software. Answer: Communication Plan The stakeholders of an organization person or a group who are responsible for the working of the project. It should be understood that the contribution of all the stakeholders is not equal as the roles of the person varies. Hence a stakeholder map is created for understanding the importance of the stakeholders of an organization. The stakeholder map for this project has been presented in the following diagram. Figure 1: The Stakeholder Map (As created by author) Stakeholders Communication plan Client The client of the project is the most important stakeholder of the project. The client offers the work which has to be done by the project team. The finances are taken care of the client, but in this case, it has been taken care of the provider instead. For the sake of the project, the client meeting should be done in regular interval initially to understand the deliverable and in the later stages for validation of the software. Employees The software that is being developed for the organization will be used by its employees for better management of the volunteers. Hence the software should be designed in a way to make the learning more intuitive. The interaction between the employees and the project manager will be in the initial phases for making the software more intuitive and in the later stages for validation. Equipment Supplier The equipment supplier will be responsible for the delivery of the required equipment which depends on upon the requirements. The meeting between the project team and the equipment supplier will be restricted to the initial phases of the project. Project developers The team meeting i.e. the meeting among the member's team will be extremely important as the project development and the course of action will be decided in these meetings. The meeting will also present the challenges that are currently faced by the project and how to resolve the issues. Hence the meeting should be done on a weekly basis to satisfy the team needs. Researching for the Closure Checklist and Project Evaluation Annotated Bibliography Closure Checklist Name of the project: RALS Volunteer Management Software Sl. No. Deliverable Check if Delivered 1. Project Signoff 2. Project report 3. Closure of all the accounts 4. Valuation of the project 5. Post-delivery audit 6. Project timeline 7. Review of the team performance 8. Review of the software performance 9. Software test results and review 10. Contingency Risks 11. Stakeholder review 12. Review of the project by the third party 13. Project sponsor review 14. Licensing Agreements 15. Transfer of resources 16. Formal acceptance of the software Project Evaluation The following table shows the measurable project attributes along with evaluation technique Project Attributes Better Faster Cheaper Do More Poorer Software satisfies all the stated requirements and specifications Data security Data privacy Project timeline Quality User interface of the software Speed of response of the software Intuitive software control Contingency management plan Productivity attributed to the software usage Documentation Featured documents for training Warranty Return of investment The post-project evaluation helps in evaluating the working of the software according to the specification that has been stated in the planning phase. It is highly recommended that the evaluation should be carried out regularly to understand the progress and to improve the project outcome. The grid that has been provided will help the stakeholders of the project to rate the software according to the various parameters and their ease of use, which in turn will help in the evaluation of the quality of the software. Bibliography Boender, J., Primiero, G., Raimondi, F. (2015). Minimizing transitive trust threats in software management systems. Borndrfer, R., Reuther, M., Schlechte, T., Schulz, C., Swarat, E., Weider, S. (2015). Duty Rostering in Public Transport-Facing Preferences, Fairness, and Fatigue. Canils, M. C., Bakens, R. J. (2012). The effects of Project Management Information Systems on decision making in a multi-project environment.International Journal of Project Management,30(2), 162-175. Dyba, T., Dingsoyr, T. (2015, May). Agile project management: from self-managing teams to large-scale development. In2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering(Vol. 2, pp. 945-946). IEEE. Kim, H., Feamster, N. (2013). Improving network management with software defined networking.IEEE Communications Magazine,51(2), 114-119. Klabjan, D., Lee, Y. C., Stojkovi?, G. (2012). Crew Management Information Systems. InQuantitative Problem Solving Methods in the Airline Industry(pp. 237-282). Springer US. MacDonell, S. G., Shepperd, M. J. (2003). Combining techniques to optimize effort predictions in software project management.Journal of Systems and Software,66(2), 91-98. Mahmood, M., Lawrie, G. (2016, April). Management-led Investigations: How They Made A Difference. InSPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Varajo, J., Dominguez, C., Ribeiro, P., Paiva, A. (2014). Critical success aspects in project management: similarities and differences between the construction and software industry.Tehni?ki Resnik,21(3), 583-589. Villafiorita, A. (2014).Introduction to software project management. CRC Press

More About The 1968 Tet Offensive Essays - Vietnam War,

More About The 1968 Tet Offensive For several thousand years, Vietnamese Lunar New Year has been a traditional celebration that brings the Vietnamese a sense of happiness, hope and peace. However, in recent years, It also bring back a bitter memory full of tears. It reminds them the 1968 bloodshed, a bloodiest military campaign of the Vietnam War the North Communists launched against the South. The "general offensive and general uprising" of the north marked the sharp turn of the Vietnam War. Today there have been a great number of writings about this event. However, it seems that many key facts in the Communist campaign are still misinterpreted or neglected. In the mid-80, living in Saigon after being released from the Communist "re-education camp," I read a book published in the early 1980's in America about the story of the 1968 Tet Offensive. It said that the North Vietnamese Army supreme command had imitated one of the greatest heroes of Vietnam, King Quang Trung, who won the most spectacular victory over the Chinese aggressors in the 1789 counter-attack - in planning the 1968 operations. The book quoted King Quang Trung's tactic of surprise. He let the troops celebrate the 1789 Tet Festival one day ahead so that he could launch the attacks on the first three days of the lunar new year while the Chinese troops were still feasting and not ready to organize their defense. Those who claimed the similarity between the two campaigns certainly did not know the whole truth, but jumped into conclusion with wild imagination after learning that the North Vietnamese attacking units also celebrated Tet "one day ahead" before the attacks. In fact, the Tet Offensive broke out on the Tet's Eve - in the early morning of January 30, 1968 at many cities of Central Vietnam, such as Da Nang and Qui Nhon, as well as cities in the central coastal and highland areas, that lied within the Communist 5th Military Region.. The other cities to the south that included Saigon, were attacked 24 hours later at the small hours of January 31. Thus the offensive lost its element of total surprise that every tactician has to respect. But It surprised me that some in the American media were still unaware of such tragic story. The story started some 5 months previously. On August 8, 1967, the North Vietnam government approved a lunar calendar specifically compiled for the 7th time zone that covers all Vietnam, replacing the traditional lunar calendar that had been in use in Asia for hundreds of years. That old calendar was calculated for the 8th time zone that Beijing falls right in the middle. It was accepted in general by a few nations such as China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong and somewhat in Japan and Korea, mostly for traditional celebrations and religious purposes. South Vietnam used this calendar. With common cultural origin, these countries needed not have their own calendar, particularly it has not been used for scientific and administrative activities. The North Vietnam new lunar calendar differs from the common calendar about some dates, such as the leap months of certain year (1984 and 1987) and the Tet's Eve of the three Lunar New Years: Mau Than (1968), Ky Dau (1969) and At Suu (1985). South Vietnam celebrated the first day of the Mau Than lunar year on January 30, 1968, while North Vietnam celebrated it on Jan 29, 1968. It was obviously that the North Vietnamese leaders had ordered the offensives to be launched on the night of the first day of Tet to take the objectives by total surprise. By some reason, the North Vietnamese Army Supreme Command was not aware of the fact that there were different dates for Tet between North and South Vietnam. Therefore, most NVA units in the Communist 5th Military Region - closer to North Vietnam - probably used North Vietnamese calendar, and conducted their attacks in the night between Jan 29 and 30, while their comrades farther to the south attacked in the night from Jan 30 to 31. Many in the intelligence branch of the South Vietnamese Armed Forces were well aware of the reason why the Communist forces launched their attacks at two different dates. Information from sources among NVA prisoners of war and ralliers about the new calendar of North Vietnam should have been neglected by the American side. The information was also available in broadcast from Hanoi Radio. In military operations, nothing is more important than surprise. So the Communist forces lost their advantage of surprise on more than half of the objectives. Had the Vietnamese Communists conducted their coordinated attacks at the same H-hour, South Vietnam would have

Terms of Arithmetic and Math in Spanish

Terms of Arithmetic and Math in Spanish You can talk about math in Spanish by learning a few basic terms. Many of the words are ones you already may know from other contexts. Spanish Terms of Arithmetic Here are the words for the simple mathematical functions and how theyre used with numbers: Addition (Suma):  Dos ms tres son cinco. (Two plus three is five.) Note that in other contexts, ms is usually an adverb. Subtraction (Resta):  Cinco menos cuatro son uno. (Five minus four is one.) Multiplication (Multiplicacià ³n):  Tres por cuatro son doce. (Three times four is twelve.) In other contexts, por is a common preposition. Division (Divisià ³n):  Doce dividido entre cuatro son tres. (Twelve divided by four is three.) Doce dividido por cuatro son tres. (Twelve divided by four is three.) Entre is another common preposition. Note that all of these sentences use the verb son, which is plural, in contrast with the singular verb is of English. It is also possible to use es or  the phrase es igual a (is equal to). Other Mathematical Terms Here are some less common mathematical terms: el cuadrado de - the square ofel cubo de - the cube ofecuacià ³n - equationelevado a la enà ©sima potencia - raised to the nth powerfuncià ³n - functionnà ºmero imaginario - imaginary numberpromedio - average, meanquebrado, fraccià ³n - fractionraà ­z cuadrada - square rootraà ­z cà ºbica - cube root Sample Sentences Solo un idiota que no sabe que dos ms dos son  cuatro le creerà ­a. (Only an idiot who doesnt know that two plus two equals four would believe him.) Una fraccià ³n es un nà ºmero  que se obtiene de dividir un entero en partes iguales. (A fraction is a number that is obtained by dividing a whole number into equal parts.) Pi se obtiene al dividir la circunferencia de un cà ­rculo del dimetro. (Pi is obtained by dividing the circumference of a circle by the diameter.) El triple de un nà ºmero menos el doble del mismo nà ºmero son ese nà ºmero. (Three times a number minus two times that number is that number.) Una funcià ³n es como una mquina: tiene una entrada y una salida. (A function is like a machine: It has an input and an output.) Una ecuacià ³n es una igualdad matemtica entre dos expresiones matemticas. (An equation is an equality between two mathematical expressions.) La ciudad est dividida en dos partes iguales. (The city is divided into two equal parts.)  ¿Cul es el resultado de dividir 20 por 0.5? (What is the quotient of 20 divided by 0.5?) El cuadrado de un nà ºmero menos el doble del mismo nà ºmero son 48.  ¿Cul es ese nà ºmero? (The square root of a number minus double the same number is 48. What is that number?) El promedio de edad de los estudiantes es de 25 aà ±os. (The average age of the students is 25.) La divisià ³n entre cero es una indeterminacià ³n. Asà ­Ã‚  la expresià ³n 1/0 carece de sentio. (Division by zero yields an indeterminable number. Thus the expression 1/0 doesnt make sense.) Los nà ºmeros imaginarios pueden describirse como el producto de un nà ºmero real por la unidad imaginaria i, en donde i denota la raà ­z cuadrada de -1. (Imaginary numbers can be described as the product of a real number by the imaginary unit i, where  i denotes the square root of -1.)

Motives and Incentives in the Performance of Employees Dissertation

Motives and Incentives in the Performance of Employees - Dissertation Example One of the most important aspects of a business in production is the motivation of the workforce. Manual labour is not comparable to the work produced by machines, and therefore the amount of work done is not the same. Thus, the most effective way to increase company performance and ensure productive, effective employees is to take steps to motivate the staff. One of the usual managerial approaches to this goal is through the use of financial rewards, however research suggests that there may be other more suitable strategies. In fact, Kohn (1993) suggests that if the motivational frame is focused only on material rewards, the levels of production might actually decrease.  Pugh and Hickson (1989) investigated this area through the â€Å"Hawthorne Experiment†. The conclusion of their study was that if the managers do not take into account the employees’ personal necessities and desires, they will be likely to maximize payment but minimize effort. Therefore, it is a cruc ial issue among business at present to learn how to offer non-material rewards as motivation. Hoegl and Gemuenden (2001) support this by stating that teamwork can be defined as a social structure comprised of over three people in context or organization. Therefore, as members of this structure work together as a single unit and look to achieve the same objective, techniques which improve the inter-relationship will improve group output. Additionally, the power of agglomerate and relation of status, composition, leadership, size, principles.... The global crisis has made it increasingly vital for organizations to take measures to ensure the life of their businesses, overcoming both internal and external operation factors to achieve revenue growth and corporate performance. It is widely agreed that effective management of one of the most important factors for organizations to stay profitable in a highly competitive global economy. These factors of production are the three M’s: materials, machine and manpower. It is the last of these, the human resource of a company, which poses the biggest challenge. A motivated employee is a valuable asset that brings tremendous worth to an organization. 1.2 The Objectives of the Research This research will try to resolve the problem of employee motivation and incentives programs by determining the factors that would give them motivation in their work, which in turn will result into satisfactory performance that would make possible the organization’s success. It will also try to look into the style and strategies of Al-Amal Hospital in Jeddah, the company in focus, in dealing with their workforce and how their workforce stay motivated and happy with their job. 1.3 Research Problems It is the purpose of this paper to identify the motivational strategies and incentives that would improve employee behaviour in the workplace. The focus of this study will be an evaluation of the practices of hospitals in Saudi Arabia, particularly Al-Amal Hospital in Jeddah. This will include an evaluation of the employee motivation and incentive strategies available to Al-Jamal Hospital, how they were applied in the organization and the effectiveness of these approaches. 1.4 Limitations of the Study As the data collected for random sampling will be from a single

Riyadh City Council, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Riyadh City Council, - Essay Example For instance, they have experienced problems with improving the methods for keeping up with rapid changes such as civilizational shifts or new lifestyles among community members (Al-Nuaim 2001). To consider services for health, safety, and security, housing plans, and preservation of the environment and historical sites has become a challenge for Riyadh’s local administrators. Moreover, most often, the public’s opinion on the policies implemented by the City Council as well as on the implementation of projects and activities, and the performance of the governing body, has created difficulties for mayors and the rest of the administration in developing their community (Al Riyadh 2004). Because of these, the Riyadh City Council has aimed to boost their performance by focusing on the capability of their workforce, enhancing their projects by being consistent with the community’s needs, and providing their administration with the necessary procedural and managerial s pecialisations. One weak point that the local city councils in Riyadh has demonstrated is that they are not very capable of integrating various departments for planning and implementation, hence, reducing their likelihood for accomplishing main goals. The Royal Decree No. 5 in Riyadh has mandated the division of municipalities and villages along with the regulations and functions that go with them. Although municipalities have been given administrative and financial autonomy with which authorities and obligations are extended, regional decentralization has not been fully achieved through the administrations’ actual performance. Moreover, mayors and deputy directors lack the proper guidance and follow-up measures in securing the coordination of administrative practices and activities, and maintaining a good level of performance and usage of performance management approaches. The current study, thus, aims to answer the question: What are the strengths and weaknesses of the perf ormance management system of Riyadh City Council? In relation, it aims to address the following objective: 1. Identify the strengths and weaknesses with regards to the performance management system in the Riyadh City Council. 2. Provide recommendations on the areas that need further improvement in the performance management system of the Riyadh City Council. Review of Related Literature Introduction The local and municipal government of Riyadh has aimed to improve and develop their local community by reaching out to the public as well as understanding and finding solutions to various problems. This ability occurs by allowing the local administration to interact with the community which brings about the effective involvement of citizens in relevant activities, thereby increasing the likelihood for national participation in the development process. In order to allow such circumstances to occur, there is a need to look into how the Riyadh City Council sets their standards for performan ce management as well as the actions that they take to generate favorable outcomes. Performance Management: An Overview The important need for implementing an effective and well-organized performance management system has significantly increased over the years. This has occurred due to the fact that performance management can not only enhance performance but the quality of a company as well (Lawson, Stratton, and Hatch 2003). Without the necessary regarding the implementation of systems for performance management, organizations can experience inefficiency and decreased productivity, thus the need to further look into the components of successful performance management. The concept of performance management can be applied on the performance of either the organization as a whole or the individual